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WordPress backup and recovery

Do not merely download a WordPress backup; prove that it can be restored

A complete WordPress backup covers the database, wp-content, wp-config.php and relevant web-server rules. Success is not merely an archive file; it must extract, import and pass functional tests in a clean environment.

root@eka:~/diagnostics
wp db export backup.sql --add-drop-table
tar -czf wordpress-files.tar.gz public_html
sha256sum backup.sql wordpress-files.tar.gz
wp search-replace old.example new.example --dry-run
DB + FILEIn one backup set
SHA-256Transfer integrity
DRY-RUNTest URL replacement first
RESTOREReal restore proof
01
Topic-specific framework

What must a WordPress backup include?

The database stores posts, users, settings, orders and plugin data; wp-content stores uploads, themes and plugins. wp-config.php contains database credentials, salts and custom constants. Web-server rules, cron jobs, custom PHP settings and external storage configuration should also be preserved when they are part of the deployment.

Data layer

Database backup

SQL export protects posts, users, WooCommerce orders, settings and plugin tables.

File layer

File backup

At minimum archive wp-content, wp-config.php and custom server files. Core can be downloaded again, but full files simplify recovery.

Recovery proof

Restore test

Extract the archive, import SQL and test frontend, admin, forms, cron, email and payment flows.

02
Terminal and verification

Create the backup set, measure integrity and verify transfer

01

Export with WP-CLI

Creates an SQL export using the WordPress database configuration. For busy WooCommerce sites, plan a brief maintenance window or consistent snapshot.

wp db export ../backup-$(date +%F-%H%M).sql --add-drop-table
02

Archive files

Exclude cache, temporary files and old backup directories to reduce archive size.

tar --exclude=wp-content/cache --exclude=wp-content/upgrade --exclude="*.log" -czf ../wordpress-$(date +%F-%H%M).tar.gz .
03

Verify checksum and archive

Confirm that SQL is non-empty, the tar archive is readable and hashes remain unchanged after transfer.

test -s ../backup.sql
tar -tzf ../wordpress.tar.gz >/dev/null
sha256sum ../backup.sql ../wordpress.tar.gz
04

Dry-run domain replacement

Use WP-CLI search-replace instead of raw SQL replacement to preserve serialized data.

wp search-replace "https://old.example" "https://new.example" --all-tables-with-prefix --precise --dry-run
03
Implementation order

Perform complete backup and restore in the correct order

01

Record the current environment

Record free disk space, WordPress version, database size, PHP version and active plugins before backup.

02

Export the database

Export the database via WP-CLI, mysqldump, cPanel phpMyAdmin or Plesk and verify that the SQL file is not empty.

03

Archive WordPress files

Archive WordPress files; do not leave backup archives inside public_html and move them outside web access.

04

Generate hashes and move off-site

Generate SHA-256 hashes, transfer files to another server or object storage and compare hashes after transfer.

05

Prepare a clean target environment

For restore, prepare an empty database and clean document root, extract files, import SQL and verify wp-config.php connectivity.

06

Safely update URLs and permalinks

If the domain changed, run WP-CLI search-replace in dry-run mode first, then apply it and refresh caches, rewrite rules and permalinks.

07

Test critical workflows

Test frontend, wp-admin, media, login, forms, cron, email, payments and backups, then document the recovery.

04
Error dictionary

Separate real restore problems from one another

Error establishing a database connection

wp-config.php credentials, DB_HOST or MySQL grants do not match the restored environment.

Media files return 404

wp-content/uploads is missing, extracted to the wrong path or has incorrect ownership.

Site redirects to old domain

home/siteurl, plugin settings or serialized content still contain the old URL.

Backup exists but SQL is corrupt

Interrupted transfer, full disk or a lost connection may have truncated the SQL dump.

Risks

Practices to avoid

  • Backing up only files or only the database
  • Leaving backups publicly accessible under public_html
  • Using raw SQL replacement on serialized data
  • Trusting an untested backup for production recovery
Checklist

Prove before completion

  • SQL file is non-empty and importable
  • File archive extracts without errors
  • SHA-256 matches before and after transfer
  • Backup is outside web root and stored off-site
  • A real restore test passed in staging
05
Frequently asked questions

Clear answers about WordPress backup and restore

Is wp-content alone enough for a WordPress backup?

No. wp-content stores files, while posts, users, orders and settings live in the database. Back up both.

How often should WordPress be backed up?

Base frequency on change rate. Busy stores may need frequent database backups; static business sites may use daily or weekly backups. Define an RPO.

Is a plugin backup sufficient?

A plugin can be used, but backups should be off-site, protected, regularly restore-tested and complemented by a method that works when WordPress is unavailable.

Can I replace the domain directly in SQL?

Raw replacement can corrupt serialized values. Use WP-CLI search-replace or a serialization-aware tool.

How do I know a backup is valid?

File size and archive tests are not enough. The strongest proof is a successful restore and functional test in a clean environment.

06
Internal SEO topic cluster

Continue to the right topic after this guide

07
Technical sources

Verify with official documentation

EKA SUNUCU TEKNİK BİLGİ MERKEZİ

Base your decision on technical evidence, not assumptions.

Contact Eka Software and Information Systems for installation, server, script and technical support services.

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